mangadex_at_home/src/main/kotlin/mdnet/netty/ApplicationNetty.kt

/*
Mangadex@Home
Copyright (c) 2020, MangaDex Network
This file is part of MangaDex@Home.

MangaDex@Home is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

MangaDex@Home is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this MangaDex@Home.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
package mdnet.netty

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf
import io.netty.channel.*
import io.netty.channel.epoll.Epoll
import io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollEventLoopGroup
import io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollServerSocketChannel
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel
import io.netty.handler.codec.DecoderException
import io.netty.handler.codec.ProtocolDetectionResult
import io.netty.handler.codec.ProtocolDetectionState
import io.netty.handler.codec.haproxy.HAProxyMessage
import io.netty.handler.codec.haproxy.HAProxyMessageDecoder
import io.netty.handler.codec.haproxy.HAProxyProtocolVersion
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpRequest
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerKeepAliveHandler
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SniCompletionEvent
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SniHandler
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContextBuilder
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler
import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutException
import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutHandler
import io.netty.handler.timeout.WriteTimeoutException
import io.netty.handler.timeout.WriteTimeoutHandler
import io.netty.handler.traffic.GlobalTrafficShapingHandler
import io.netty.handler.traffic.TrafficCounter
import io.netty.incubator.channel.uring.IOUring
import io.netty.incubator.channel.uring.IOUringEventLoopGroup
import io.netty.incubator.channel.uring.IOUringServerSocketChannel
import io.netty.util.AttributeKey
import io.netty.util.AttributeMap
import io.netty.util.DomainWildcardMappingBuilder
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil
import io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultEventExecutorGroup
import io.netty.util.internal.SystemPropertyUtil
import mdnet.Constants
import mdnet.data.Statistics
import mdnet.logging.info
import mdnet.logging.trace
import mdnet.logging.warn
import mdnet.settings.DevSettings
import mdnet.settings.RemoteSettings
import mdnet.settings.ServerSettings
import org.http4k.core.HttpHandler
import org.http4k.server.Http4kChannelHandler
import org.http4k.server.Http4kServer
import org.http4k.server.ServerConfig
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream
import java.io.IOException
import java.io.InputStream
import java.net.InetSocketAddress
import java.net.SocketException
import java.security.PrivateKey
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate
import java.util.Locale
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException

sealed class NettyTransport(threads: Int) {
    abstract val bossGroup: EventLoopGroup
    abstract val workerGroup: EventLoopGroup
    abstract val factory: ChannelFactory<ServerChannel>
    val executor = DefaultEventExecutorGroup(
        threads.also {
            require(threads > 0) { "Threads must be greater than zero" }
        }
    )

    private class NioTransport(threads: Int) : NettyTransport(threads) {
        override val bossGroup = NioEventLoopGroup(1)
        override val workerGroup = NioEventLoopGroup(8)
        override val factory = ChannelFactory<ServerChannel> { NioServerSocketChannel() }
    }

    private class EpollTransport(threads: Int) : NettyTransport(threads) {
        override val bossGroup = EpollEventLoopGroup(1)
        override val workerGroup = EpollEventLoopGroup(8)
        override val factory = ChannelFactory<ServerChannel> { EpollServerSocketChannel() }
    }

    private class IOUringTransport(threads: Int) : NettyTransport(threads) {
        override val bossGroup = IOUringEventLoopGroup(1)
        override val workerGroup = IOUringEventLoopGroup(8)
        override val factory = ChannelFactory<ServerChannel> { IOUringServerSocketChannel() }
    }

    companion object {
        private val LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyTransport::class.java)
        private fun defaultNumThreads() = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 2

        fun bestForPlatform(threads: Int): NettyTransport {
            val name = SystemPropertyUtil.get("os.name").lowercase(Locale.US).trim { it <= ' ' }

            val threadsToUse = if (threads == 0) defaultNumThreads() else threads
            LOGGER.info { "Choosing a transport with $threadsToUse threads" }

            if (name.startsWith("linux")) {
                if (!SystemPropertyUtil.get("no-iouring").toBoolean()) {
                    if (IOUring.isAvailable()) {
                        LOGGER.info { "Using IOUring transport" }
                        return IOUringTransport(threadsToUse)
                    } else {
                        LOGGER.info {
                            "IOUring transport not available (this may be normal)"
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (!SystemPropertyUtil.get("no-epoll").toBoolean()) {
                    if (Epoll.isAvailable()) {
                        LOGGER.info { "Using Epoll transport" }
                        return EpollTransport(threadsToUse)
                    } else {
                        LOGGER.info {
                            "Epoll transport not available (this may be normal)"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            LOGGER.info { "Using Nio transport" }
            return NioTransport(threadsToUse)
        }
    }
}

class Netty(
    private val remoteSettings: RemoteSettings,
    private val serverSettings: ServerSettings,
    private val devSettings: DevSettings,
    private val statistics: Statistics
) : ServerConfig {
    override fun toServer(http: HttpHandler): Http4kServer = object : Http4kServer {
        private val transport = NettyTransport.bestForPlatform(serverSettings.threads)

        private lateinit var channel: Channel
        private val burstLimiter = object : GlobalTrafficShapingHandler(
            transport.workerGroup, serverSettings.maxKilobitsPerSecond * 1000L / 8L, 0, 100
        ) {
            override fun doAccounting(counter: TrafficCounter) {
                statistics.bytesSent.getAndAccumulate(counter.cumulativeWrittenBytes()) { a, b -> a + b }
                counter.resetCumulativeTime()
            }
        }

        override fun start(): Http4kServer = apply {
            LOGGER.info { "Starting Netty!" }
            val tls = remoteSettings.tls!!

            val certs = getX509Certs(tls.certificate)
            val sslContext = SslContextBuilder
                .forServer(getPrivateKey(tls.privateKey), certs)
                .protocols("TLSv1.3", "TLSv1.2")
                .build()

            val bootstrap = ServerBootstrap()
            bootstrap.group(transport.bossGroup, transport.workerGroup)
                .channelFactory(transport.factory)
                .childHandler(object : ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                    public override fun initChannel(ch: SocketChannel) {
                        if (serverSettings.enableProxyProtocol) {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(
                                "proxyProtocol",
                                object : ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
                                    override fun channelRead(ctx: ChannelHandlerContext, msg: Any) {
                                        if (msg is ByteBuf) {
                                            // Since the builtin `HAProxyMessageDecoder` will break non Proxy-Protocol requests
                                            // we need to use its detection capabilities to only add it when needed.
                                            val result: ProtocolDetectionResult<HAProxyProtocolVersion> = HAProxyMessageDecoder.detectProtocol(msg)
                                            if (result.state() == ProtocolDetectionState.DETECTED) {
                                                ctx.pipeline().addAfter("proxyProtocol", null, HAProxyMessageDecoder())
                                                ctx.pipeline().remove(this)
                                            }
                                        }
                                        super.channelRead(ctx, msg)
                                    }
                                }
                            )
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(
                                "saveOriginalIp",
                                object : SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HAProxyMessage>() {
                                    override fun channelRead0(ctx: ChannelHandlerContext, msg: HAProxyMessage) {
                                        // Store proxy IP in an attribute for later use after HTTP request is extracted.
                                        // Using an attribute ensures the value is scoped to this channel.
                                        (ctx as AttributeMap).attr(HAPROXY_SOURCE).set(msg.sourceAddress())
                                    }
                                }
                            )
                        }
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(
                            "ssl",
                            SniHandler(DomainWildcardMappingBuilder(sslContext).build())
                        )

                        ch.pipeline().addLast(
                            "dropHostname",
                            object : ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
                                private val hostToTest = remoteSettings.url.authority.let {
                                    it.substring(0, it.lastIndexOf(":"))
                                }

                                override fun userEventTriggered(ctx: ChannelHandlerContext, evt: Any) {
                                    if (evt is SniCompletionEvent) {
                                        if (!devSettings.disableSniCheck) {
                                            if (evt.hostname() != null &&
                                                !evt.hostname().endsWith(hostToTest) &&
                                                !evt.hostname().endsWith("localhost")
                                            ) {
                                                ctx.close()
                                            }
                                        }
                                    } else {
                                        ctx.fireUserEventTriggered(evt)
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        )

                        ch.pipeline().addLast("codec", HttpServerCodec())
                        ch.pipeline().addLast("keepAlive", HttpServerKeepAliveHandler())
                        ch.pipeline().addLast("aggregator", HttpObjectAggregator(65536))

                        if (serverSettings.enableProxyProtocol) {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(
                                "setForwardHeader",
                                object : SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest>(false) {
                                    override fun channelRead0(ctx: ChannelHandlerContext, request: FullHttpRequest) {
                                        // The geo-location code already supports the `Forwarded` header so setting
                                        // it is the easiest way to introduce the original IP downstream.
                                        if ((ctx as AttributeMap).hasAttr(HAPROXY_SOURCE)) {
                                            val addr = (ctx as AttributeMap).attr(HAPROXY_SOURCE).get()
                                            request.headers().set("Forwarded", addr)
                                        }
                                        // Since we're modifying the request without handling it, we must
                                        // call retain to ensure it will still be available downstream.
                                        ReferenceCountUtil.retain(request)
                                        ctx.fireChannelRead(request)
                                    }
                                }
                            )
                        }

                        ch.pipeline().addLast("burstLimiter", burstLimiter)

                        ch.pipeline().addLast(
                            "readTimeoutHandler",
                            ReadTimeoutHandler(Constants.MAX_READ_TIME_SECONDS)
                        )
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(
                            "writeTimeoutHandler",
                            WriteTimeoutHandler(Constants.MAX_WRITE_TIME_SECONDS)
                        )

                        ch.pipeline().addLast("streamer", ChunkedWriteHandler())
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(transport.executor, "handler", Http4kChannelHandler(http))

                        ch.pipeline().addLast(
                            "exceptions",
                            object : ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
                                override fun exceptionCaught(ctx: ChannelHandlerContext, cause: Throwable) {
                                    if (cause is SSLException || (cause is DecoderException && cause.cause is SSLException)) {
                                        LOGGER.trace(cause) { "Ignored invalid SSL connection" }
                                    } else if (cause is IOException || cause is SocketException) {
                                        LOGGER.trace(cause) { "User (downloader) abruptly closed the connection" }
                                    } else if (cause !is ReadTimeoutException && cause !is WriteTimeoutException) {
                                        LOGGER.warn(cause) { "Exception in pipeline" }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        )
                    }
                })
                .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1000)
                .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)

            channel = bootstrap.bind(InetSocketAddress(serverSettings.hostname, serverSettings.port)).sync().channel()
        }

        override fun stop() = apply {
            channel.close().sync()
            transport.run {
                bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(0, 500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).sync()
                workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(0, 500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).sync()
                executor.shutdownGracefully(0, 500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).sync()
            }
        }

        override fun port(): Int = (channel.localAddress() as InetSocketAddress).port
    }

    companion object {
        private val LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Netty::class.java)
        private val HAPROXY_SOURCE = AttributeKey.newInstance<String>("haproxy_source")
    }
}

fun getX509Certs(certificates: String): Collection<X509Certificate> {
    val targetStream: InputStream = ByteArrayInputStream(certificates.toByteArray())
    @Suppress("unchecked_cast")
    return CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509").generateCertificates(targetStream) as Collection<X509Certificate>
}

fun getPrivateKey(privateKey: String): PrivateKey {
    return loadKey(privateKey)!!
}