Add with-mobx-state-tree-typescript example (re-submitting due to accidental deletion) (#5077)

I think I accidentally deleted the branch my prior PR was based on before you had a chance to merge or decide whether to merge. In case I borked things with that delete, I'm resubmitting the PR and figuring you can close one or the other or both as desired.

Original notes:

Based on with-mobx-state-tree, but typescript instead of javascript

Aside from a few bits of typing and renaming .js files to .ts and .tsx, most of the the edits are to avoid warnings and errors when running the code through tslint (which can be done via the `npm run tslint` command in the example if desired).

To keep this example simple, the `<styled>` component (which is used by the javascript-based with-redux and with-mobx-state-tree examples for the clock component) is not used in this example. The `<styled>` library can of course be used with typescript but (I think) it requires a more complicated set of typescript and babel .configs than is needed for most other components and libraries, so I'm just directly styling the one formerly `<styled>` div to keep things simple and broadly applicable.

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/.babelrc

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "presets": [
+    "next/babel",
+    "@zeit/next-typescript/babel"
+  ],
+  "plugins": [
+    "transform-decorators-legacy"
+  ]
+}

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/README.md

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+[![Deploy to now](https://deploy.now.sh/static/button.svg)](https://deploy.now.sh/?repo=https://github.com/zeit/next.js/tree/master/examples/with-mobx-state-tree)
+
+# MobX State Tree example
+
+## How to use
+
+### Using `create-next-app`
+
+Execute [`create-next-app`](https://github.com/segmentio/create-next-app) with [Yarn](https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/docs/cli/create/) or [npx](https://github.com/zkat/npx#readme) to bootstrap the example:
+
+```bash
+npx create-next-app --example with-mobx-state-tree-typescript with-mobx-state-tree-typescript-app
+# or
+yarn create next-app --example with-mobx-state-tree-typescript with-mobx-state-tree-typescript-app
+```
+
+### Download manually
+
+Download the example [or clone the repo](https://github.com/zeit/next.js):
+
+```bash
+curl https://codeload.github.com/zeit/next.js/tar.gz/canary | tar -xz --strip=2 next.js-canary/examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript
+cd with-mobx-state-tree-typescript
+```
+
+Install it and run:
+
+```bash
+npm install
+npm run dev
+# or
+yarn
+yarn dev
+```
+
+Deploy it to the cloud with [now](https://zeit.co/now) ([download](https://zeit.co/download))
+
+```bash
+now
+```
+
+## Notes
+
+This example is a typescript and mobx-state-tree port of the [with-redux](https://github.com/zeit/next.js/tree/master/examples/with-redux) example, by way of the javascript and mobx-state-tree port [with-mobx-state-tree](https://github.com/zeit/next.js/tree/master/examples/with-mobx-state-tree). Decorator support is activated by adding a `.babelrc` file at the root of the project:
+
+```json
+{
+  "presets": ["next/babel"],
+  "plugins": ["transform-decorators-legacy"]
+}
+```
+
+### Rehydrating with server data
+
+After initializing the store (and possibly making changes such as fetching data), `getInitialProps` must stringify the store in order to pass it as props to the client. `mobx-state-tree` comes out of the box with a handy method for doing this called `getSnapshot`. The snapshot is sent to the client as `props.initialState` where the pages's `constructor()` may use it to rehydrate the client store.
+
+## The idea behind the example
+
+Usually splitting your app state into `pages` feels natural but sometimes you'll want to have global state for your app. This is an example on how you can use mobx that also works with our universal rendering approach. This is just a way you can do it but it's not the only one.
+
+In this example we are going to display a digital clock that updates every second. The first render is happening in the server and then the browser will take over. To illustrate this, the server rendered clock will have a different background color than the client one.
+
+![](http://i.imgur.com/JCxtWSj.gif)
+
+Our page is located at `pages/index.tsx` so it will map the route `/`. To get the initial data for rendering we are implementing the static method `getInitialProps`, initializing the mobx-state-tree store and returning the initial timestamp to be rendered. The root component for the render method is the `mobx-react <Provider>` that allows us to send the store down to children components so they can access to the state when required.
+
+To pass the initial timestamp from the server to the client we pass it as a prop called `lastUpdate` so then it's available when the client takes over.
+
+The trick here for supporting universal mobx is to separate the cases for the client and the server. When we are on the server we want to create a new store every time, otherwise different users data will be mixed up. If we are in the client we want to use always the same store. That's what we accomplish on `store.ts`
+
+The clock, under `components/Clock.tsx`, has access to the state using the `inject` and `observer` functions from `mobx-react`. In this case Clock is a direct child from the page but it could be deep down the render tree.
+
+As far as how this example differs from the `with-mobx` example, `mobx-state-tree` requires that any changes to the observable data are sent as actions, which are defined on the model in `server.ts`. The snapshot feature, while not very useful in this particular case, makes client-side rehydration of the state amazingly easy. Any changes that are made to the store in `getInitialProps` will be refreshed instantly when that page is loaded on the client.
+
+The typescript in this `with-mobx-state-tree-typescript` repo differs only slightly from the javascript `with-mobx-state-tree`, with most of the the changes made to avoid warnings and errors when running the code through `tslint` (which can be done via the `npm run tslint` command if desired). To keep this repo simple, the `<styled>` component (which is used by the javascript-based `with-redux` and `with-mobx-state-tree` examples for the clock component) is not used in this repo. The `<styled>` library can be used with typescript but it requires a more complicated interplay between the typescript and babel stages than is needed for most other components and libraries, so it's not included here to keep things simple and broadly applicable.

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/components/Clock.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+const format = (t) => `${pad(t.getUTCHours())}:${pad(t.getUTCMinutes())}:${pad(t.getUTCSeconds())}`;
+const pad = (n) => n < 10 ? `0${n}` : n;
+
+const Clock = (props) => {
+  const divStyle = {
+    backgroundColor:(props.light ? "#999" : "#000"),
+    color:"#82FA58",
+    display:"inline-block",
+    font:"50px menlo, monaco, monospace",
+    padding:"15px",
+  };
+  return (
+    <div style={divStyle}>
+      {format(new Date(props.lastUpdate))}
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export { Clock };

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/components/Page.tsx

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+import { inject, observer } from "mobx-react";
+import Link from "next/link";
+import React from "react";
+import { IStore } from "../store";
+import { Clock } from "./Clock";
+
+interface IOwnProps {
+  store?:IStore;
+  title:string;
+  linkTo:string;
+}
+
+@inject("store")
+@observer
+class Page extends React.Component<IOwnProps> {
+  public componentDidMount () {
+    if (!this.props.store) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.props.store.start();
+  }
+
+  public componentWillUnmount () {
+    if (!this.props.store) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.props.store.stop();
+  }
+
+  public render () {
+    if (!this.props.store) {
+      return;
+    }
+    return (
+      <div>
+        <h1>{this.props.title}</h1>
+        <Clock lastUpdate={this.props.store.lastUpdate} light={this.props.store.light} />
+        <nav>
+          <Link href={this.props.linkTo}><a>Navigate</a></Link>
+        </nav>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+export { Page };

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/next.config.js

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+const withTypescript = require('@zeit/next-typescript')
+module.exports = withTypescript()

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/package.json

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+{
+  "name": "with-mobx-state-tree-typescript",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "next",
+    "build": "next build",
+    "start": "next start",
+    "tslint": "tslint -c tslint.json -p tsconfig.json"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@zeit/next-typescript": "1.1.0",
+    "mobx": "5.0.5",
+    "mobx-react": "5.2.5",
+    "mobx-state-tree": "3.2.3",
+    "next": "6.1.1",
+    "react": "16.4.2",
+    "react-dom": "16.4.2",
+    "typescript": "^3.0.1"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/next": "^6.1.4",
+    "@types/react": "^16.4.12",
+    "babel-plugin-transform-decorators-legacy": "^1.3.4",
+    "tslint": "^5.9.1",
+    "tslint-config-standard": "^7.0.0",
+    "tslint-loader": "^3.5.3",
+    "tslint-react": "^3.4.0"
+  },
+  "license": "ISC"
+}

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/pages/index.tsx

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+import { Provider } from "mobx-react";
+import { getSnapshot } from "mobx-state-tree";
+import React from "react";
+import { Page } from "../components/Page";
+import { initStore, IStore } from "../store";
+
+interface IOwnProps {
+  isServer:boolean;
+  initialState:IStore;
+}
+
+class Counter extends React.Component<IOwnProps> {
+  public static getInitialProps ({ req }) {
+    const isServer = !!req;
+    const store = initStore(isServer);
+    return { initialState: getSnapshot(store), isServer };
+  }
+
+  private store:IStore;
+
+  constructor (props) {
+    super(props);
+    this.store = initStore(props.isServer, props.initialState) as IStore;
+  }
+
+  public render () {
+    return (
+      <Provider store={this.store}>
+        <Page title="Index Page" linkTo="/other" />
+      </Provider>
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+export default Counter;

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/pages/other.tsx

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+import { Provider } from "mobx-react";
+import { getSnapshot } from "mobx-state-tree";
+import React from "react";
+import { Page } from "../components/Page";
+import { initStore, IStore } from "../store";
+
+interface IOwnProps {
+  isServer:boolean;
+  initialState:IStore;
+}
+
+class Counter extends React.Component<IOwnProps> {
+  public static getInitialProps ({ req }) {
+    const isServer = !!req;
+    const store = initStore(isServer);
+    return { initialState: getSnapshot(store), isServer };
+  }
+
+  private store:IStore;
+
+  constructor(props) {
+    super(props);
+    this.store = initStore(props.isServer, props.initialState) as IStore;
+  }
+
+  public render() {
+    return (
+      <Provider store={this.store}>
+        <Page title="Other Page" linkTo="/" />
+      </Provider>
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+export default Counter;

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/server.ts

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+import { createServer } from "http";
+import mobxReact from "mobx-react";
+import next from "next";
+import { parse } from "url";
+
+const envPort = parseInt(process.env.PORT as string, 10) || 3000;
+const dev = process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production";
+
+mobxReact.useStaticRendering(true);
+
+const app = next({ dev });
+const handle = app.getRequestHandler();
+
+app.prepare().then(() => {
+  createServer((req, res) => {
+    const parsedUrl = parse(req.url as string, true);
+    handle(req, res, parsedUrl)
+      .catch((error) => { throw(error); });
+  }).listen((port, err) => {
+    if (err) {
+      throw err;
+    }
+    console.log(`> Ready on http://localhost:${port}`);
+  });
+}).catch((error) => { throw(error); });

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/store.ts

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+import { applySnapshot, Instance, IStateTreeNode, SnapshotIn, SnapshotOut, types } from "mobx-state-tree";
+
+let store:IStateTreeNode = null as any;
+
+const Store = types
+  .model({
+    lastUpdate: types.Date,
+    light: false,
+  })
+  .actions((self) => {
+    let timer;
+    const start = () => {
+      timer = setInterval(() => {
+        // mobx-state-tree doesn't allow anonymous callbacks changing data
+        // pass off to another action instead (need to cast self as any
+        // because typescript doesn't yet know about the actions we're
+        // adding to self here)
+        (self as any).update();
+      }, 1000);
+    };
+    const update = () => {
+      self.lastUpdate = new Date(Date.now());
+      self.light = true;
+    };
+    const stop = () => {
+      clearInterval(timer);
+    };
+    return { start, stop, update };
+  });
+
+type IStore = Instance<typeof Store>;
+type IStoreSnapshotIn = SnapshotIn<typeof Store>;
+type IStoreSnapshotOut = SnapshotOut<typeof Store>;
+
+const initStore = (isServer, snapshot = null) => {
+  if (isServer) {
+    store = Store.create({ lastUpdate: Date.now() });
+  }
+  if (store as any === null) {
+    store = Store.create({ lastUpdate: Date.now() });
+  }
+  if (snapshot) {
+    applySnapshot(store, snapshot);
+  }
+  return store;
+};
+
+export { initStore, IStore, IStoreSnapshotIn, IStoreSnapshotOut };

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/tsconfig.json

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+{
+  "compileOnSave": false,
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "experimentalDecorators": true,
+    "target": "esnext",
+    "module": "esnext",
+    "jsx": "preserve",
+    "allowJs": true,
+    "moduleResolution": "node",
+    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
+    "noImplicitThis": true,
+    "noUnusedLocals": true,
+    "noUnusedParameters": true,
+    "strictNullChecks": true,
+    "removeComments": false,
+    "preserveConstEnums": true,
+    "sourceMap": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "baseUrl": ".",
+    "typeRoots": [
+      "./node_modules/@types"
+    ],
+    "lib": [
+      "dom",
+      "es2015",
+      "es2016"
+    ]
+  }
+}

examples/with-mobx-state-tree-typescript/tslint.json

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+  "extends": [
+    "tslint-config-standard",
+    "tslint:latest", 
+    "tslint-react"
+  ],
+  "rules": {
+    "indent": [true, "spaces"],
+    "jsx-no-lambda": false,
+    "jsx-no-multiline-js": false,
+    "max-line-length": false,
+    "no-console": false,
+    "no-object-literal-type-assertion": false,
+    "no-submodule-imports": [
+      true, 
+      "next"
+    ],
+    "no-unused-variable": false,
+    "space-before-function-paren": false,
+    "ter-indent": [true, 2],
+    "typedef-whitespace": [
+      true,
+      {
+        "call-signature": "nospace",
+        "index-signature": "nospace",
+        "parameter": "nospace",
+        "property-declaration": "nospace",
+        "variable-declaration": "nospace"
+      },
+      {
+        "call-signature": "nospace",
+        "index-signature": "nospace",
+        "parameter": "nospace",
+        "property-declaration": "nospace",
+        "variable-declaration": "nospace"
+      }
+    ],
+    "whitespace": [
+      true,
+      "check-branch",
+      "check-decl",
+      "check-operator",
+      "check-module",
+      "check-preblock",
+      "check-rest-spread",
+      "check-separator",
+      "check-typecast",
+      "check-type-operator"
+    ]
+  }
+}